LESS THAN HUMANの口コミ激安通販情報、最新トレンドを提案するセレクトショップ情報です
Why Internet During the Mahabharat Era is Not A Joke
Credit for the claim goes to new Tripura CM
In the long list of fantastic and wild claims made by several high-ranking BJP leaders, Biplab Deb, the newly elected Chief Minister of Tripura, has added another gem. He has claimed that internet existed in the age of Mahabharata. His assertion is based on the story in the Mahabharata that Sanjay narrated the happenings in the war-field to Dhritrashtra sitting miles away from the location where the war was taking place. He defended his claim on several occasions but this interview given to the India Today TV Channel () is worth watching for the conviction with which Biplab Deb speaks about this issue and his general understanding of science, society and history.
Internet is awash with jokes, parodies and memes on this issue. However, leaders affiliated to the RSS-BJP ideological family have been making such claims regularly. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had famously said that India had a well-developed technology of Plastic surgery in the ancient times which is proved by the fact that Lord Ganesh has a human body over which the head of an elephant was planted. Only a few months ago Science and Technology Minister Harsh Vardhan declared that eminent scientist Stephen Hawking also agreed that the Vedas contained theory superior to Einstein’s theory of relativity.
His assertions and claims would have been laughable but for the fact that these ideas are going to decide what students in Tripura and other BJP ruled states would study, the areas of research which would be taken up in universities and other academic institutions and the overall mindset guiding the actions of the government in all fields of its activity. A flawed and distorted understanding of our past can only give rise to a dark future for India’s scientific research, technology, innovation and education. This is worrisome.
India is probably among the few countries in the world which has put promotion of ‘scientific temper’ as a constitutional obligation under article 51A which enjoins upon people to ‘develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform’ as part of fundamental duties. This may have come through the 42nd amendment of constitution in 1976, but it has always been the underlying current which enlivened and informed our constitution.
India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru believed that a modern nation can be built only on the foundation of scientific temper to ensure a better quality of life for millions of people suffering poverty and deprivation after the two centuries long British rule. His approach to science was reflected in his undying zeal to set up scientific institutions to promote research and innovation. He set up dozens of research laboratories across India, IITs, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and persuaded Tata to setup Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai among many others. The beginning of ISRO also lie in the Nehru era when in 1962 INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) was set up under the leadership of Vikaram Sarabhai. This resulted over a period of time in making India a major centre of trained and qualified scientific manpower.
Today, Nehru is being reviled by BJP-RSS for establishing and upholding values like secularism and also his quest for making India a modern nation based on the spirit of scientific enquiry and rational thinking. The Nehruvian vision stands in sharp contrast to the path chosen by Pakistan and the predecessors of the present-day BJP who believed in backward looking and obscurantist ideas to guide the state policy. The similarity between the two is striking.
Biplab Deb boasts of the achievement of India’s space mission which put 104 satellites in the orbit in one go. Certainly, achievements like this or mission to Mars make us proud. But he conveniently forgets that these achievements have been possible only because India adopted a modern scientific approach as its guiding principle. The institutions set up in the early days of our independence were based on a clear understanding, as Nehru said in his book ‘Discovery of India’, that ‘it is the scientific approach, an adventurous and yet critical temper of science, the search for truth and new knowledge, the refusal to accept anything without testing and trial, the capacity to change previous conclusions in the face of new evidence, the reliance on observed fact and not on preconceived theory, and the hard discipline of mind.
All these are necessary not merely for the application of science, but for life itself and solution of its many problems.’ Unfortunately, these ideas find no resonance with the ruling dispensation today. It wallows in a false and fabricated sense of pride in its past. It wants to turn the gaze of people backwards. People are expected to feel proud about India with a vision that is blinkered and distorted.
Indeed, there are a number of things in India for which we must feel proud. Its legacy in philosophy, spirituality and also in science is formidable. Nobody can deny that ancient and medieval India had made great contribution to the field of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, veterinary sciences, architecture, metallurgy, etc. Among the galaxy of people who contributed to the fields of astronomy, mathematics and medicine Aryabhat, Varahmihir, Bhaskaracharya, Brahmagupta, Sushrut are definitely counted as great scientific personalities. Aryabhat (499 BC) calculated the value of pi accurately. He also correctly found the length of the solar year to modern estimates. He hypothesised that earth was a sphere that rotated on its axis and its shadow falling on moon caused eclipse.
All these are remarkably in line with modern scientific findings. This has been acknowledged by historians like Romila Thapar who wrote that during that historical period ‘an increasing dialogue existed between Indian and Arab astronomers and mathematicians similar to the earlier one between Hellenistic and Indian astronomers’.
It is also true that the western writers of the history of science have often underplayed and ignored the role of scholars and scientists from the non-western world. Edward Said has meticulously shown in his celebrated book Orientalism and other writings as to ‘how the European culture was able to manage-and even produce-the Orient politically, sociologically, militarily, ideologically, scientifically, and imaginatively during the post-Enlightenment period.’ The concept of Orientalism also brings focus on the exclusions and coloured reading of the history (including that of the scientific achievements) of the non-western world by the Europeans.
It would be important here to point out that a section of our own intellectual class was also ensnared by the Orientalist understanding of our history. Their vision was tainted by downplaying and ignoring the achievements of India’s historical contribution in the fields of science, technology and philosophy. Many of them made fun or heaped sarcasm even on genuine achievements of the Indian past.
This has been used by the obscurantist-backward looking forces to create a narrative that progressive and secular people actually hate India’s past and that they aim to privilege western achievements over Indian ones. At a certain level it has created a background for popular acceptance of the narrative peddled by these forces.
However, to reduce this complex understanding of the way colonialism has impacted the picture of our world does not mean that we should claim to have everything in the past and imagine that the march of knowledge has stopped since Aryabhat discovered the value of pi or calculated the length of the solar year is bunkum. While it is legitimate to reclaim our contribution to the world of science and technology, it is even more important to understand why the process came to a halt at some point of history.
As the renowned historian of science J.D. Bernal points out the progress of science has not been uniform over time or space and periods of rapid progress have been followed by stagnation and sharp decline. Remarkably, he says, ‘the centres of science have been continually displaced, usually following rather than leading the migration of centres of commercial and industrial activity. Babylonia, Egypt and India have all been the foci of ancient science.’
The deep and complex relation between the socio-economic structures and the development of science and technology can be understood only with an an open mind rooted in objectivity and rational thinking. To reduce it to empty claims of glory of the past and our achievement in ancient times alone is more dangerous than ridiculous.
A confident nation does not seek to sit on its laurels of the past, much less invent phoney tales of glory to gloat over it. Those who do so are often narrow-minded fanatics who have some hidden agenda behind it. They create a smokescreen of pride, glory and use other tropes to create a society that is shorn of its capacity to introspect and question. It helps them in moulding people’s mind into becoming unquestioning followers which is so essential to retain the status quo and keep people away from real issues of our times.
It is perfectly fine to enjoy the joke about internet in the time of Mahabharat or Pushpak Viman and Hanuman Missile etc. but we must be aware of the deeper damage this may inflict upon the future of our country. Our foundations are strong fortified as they are by commitment to scientific temper built assiduously since the time of freedom movement.
But we must also be aware of the white ants that lurk behind the surface to damage these foundations irretrievably for ever.
とても興味深く読みました：
ゼロ除算の発見と重要性を指摘した：日本、再生核研究所
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\begin{document}
\title{\bf Announcement 409: Various Publication Projects on the Division by Zero\\
(2018.1.29.)}
\author{{\it Institute of Reproducing Kernels}\\
Kawauchi-cho, 5-1648-16,\\
Kiryu 376-0041, Japan\\
}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
The Institute of Reproducing Kernels is dealing with the theory of division by zero calculus and declares that the division by zero was discovered as $0/0=1/0=z/0=0$ in a natural sense on 2014.2.2. The result shows a new basic idea on the universe and space since Aristoteles (BC384 – BC322) and Euclid (BC 3 Century – ), and the division by zero is since Brahmagupta (598 – 668 ?).
In particular, Brahmagupta defined as $0/0=0$ in Brhmasphuasiddhnta (628), however, our world history stated that his definition $0/0=0$ is wrong over 1300 years, but, we showed that his definition is suitable.
For the details, see the references and the site: http://okmr.yamatoblog.net/
We wrote two global book manuscripts \cite{s18} with 154 pages and \cite{so18} with many figures for some general people. Their main points are:
\begin{itemize}
\item The division by zero and division by zero calculus are new elementary and fundamental mathematics in the undergraduate level.
\item They introduce a new space since Aristoteles (BC384 – BC322) and Euclid (BC 3 Century – ) with many exciting new phenomena and properties with general interest, not specialized and difficult topics. However, their properties are mysterious and very attractive.
\item The contents are very elementary, however very exciting with general interest.
\item The contents give great impacts to our basic ideas on the universe and human beings.
\end{itemize}
Meanwhile, the representations of the contents are very important and delicate with delicate feelings to the division by zero with a long and mysterious history. Therefore, we hope the representations of the division by zero as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item
Various book publications by many native languages and with the author’s idea and feelings.
\item
Some publications are like arts and some comic style books with pictures.
\item
Some T shirts design, some pictures, monument design may be considered.
\end{itemize}
The authors above may be expected to contribute to our culture, education, common communications and enjoyments.
\medskip
For the people having the interest on the above projects, we will send our book sources with many figure files.
\medskip
How will be our project introducing our new world since Euclid?
\medskip
Of course, as mathematicians we have to publish new books on
\medskip
Calculus, Differential Equations and Complex Analysis, at least and soon, in order to {\bf correct them} in some complete and beautiful ways.
\medskip
Our topics will be interested in over 1000 millions people over the world on the world history.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\begin{thebibliography}{10}
\bibitem{kmsy}
M. Kuroda, H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh, and M. Yamane,
New meanings of the division by zero and interpretations on $100/0=0$ and on $0/0=0$,
Int. J. Appl. Math. {\bf 27} (2014), no 2, pp. 191-198, DOI: 10.12732/ijam.v27i2.9.
\bibitem{ms16}
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Matrices and division by zero $z/0=0$,
Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory, {\bf 6}(2016), 51-58
Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/alamt
\\ http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/alamt.2016.62007.
\bibitem{ms18}
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and singular integrals. (Submitted for publication)
\bibitem{mms18}
T. Matsuura, H. Michiwaki and S. Saitoh,
$\log 0= \log \infty =0$ and applications. Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics.
\bibitem{msy}
H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh and M.Yamada,
Reality of the division by zero $z/0=0$. IJAPM International J. of Applied Physics and Math. {\bf 6}(2015), 1–8. http://www.ijapm.org/show-63-504-1.html
\bibitem{mos}
H. Michiwaki, H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Division by Zero $z/0 = 0$ in Euclidean Spaces,
International Journal of Mathematics and Computation, {\bf 2}8(2017); Issue 1, 2017), 1-16.
\bibitem{osm}
H. Okumura, S. Saitoh and T. Matsuura, Relations of $0$ and $\infty$,
Journal of Technology and Social Science (JTSS), {\bf 1}(2017), 70-77.
\bibitem{os}
H. Okumura and S. Saitoh, The Descartes circles theorem and division by zero calculus. https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.04961 (2017.11.14).
\bibitem{o}
H. Okumura, Wasan geometry with the division by 0. https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06947 International Journal of Geometry.
\bibitem{os18}
H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Applications of the division by zero calculus to Wasan geometry.
(Submitted for publication).
\bibitem{ps18}
S. Pinelas and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and differential equations. Differential and Difference Equations with
Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics.
\bibitem{romig}
H. G. Romig, Discussions: Early History of Division by Zero,
American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. {\bf 3}1, No. 8. (Oct., 1924), pp. 387-389.
\bibitem{s14}
S. Saitoh, Generalized inversions of Hadamard and tensor products for matrices, Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory. {\bf 4} (2014), no. 2, 87–95. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ALAMT/
\bibitem{s16}
S. Saitoh, A reproducing kernel theory with some general applications,
Qian,T./Rodino,L.(eds.): Mathematical Analysis, Probability and Applications – Plenary Lectures: Isaac 2015, Macau, China, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, {\bf 177}(2016), 151-182. (Springer) .
\bibitem{s17}
S. Saitoh, Mysterious Properties of the Point at Infinity, arXiv:1712.09467 [math.GM](2017.12.17).
\bibitem{s18}
S. Saitoh, Division by zero calculus (154 pages: draft): http//okmr.yamatoblog.net/
\bibitem{so18}
S. Saitoh and H. Okumura, Division by Zero Calculus in Figures — Our New Space —
\bibitem{ttk}
S.-E. Takahasi, M. Tsukada and Y. Kobayashi, Classification of continuous fractional binary operations on the real and complex fields, Tokyo Journal of Mathematics, {\bf 38}(2015), no. 2, 369-380.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
List of division by zero:
\bibitem{os18}
H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Remarks for The Twin Circles of Archimedes in a Skewed Arbelos by H. Okumura and M. Watanabe, Forum Geometricorum.
Saburou Saitoh, Mysterious Properties of the Point at Infinity、
[math.GM]
Hiroshi Okumura and Saburou Saitoh
The Descartes circles theorem and division by zero calculus. ２０１７．１１．１４
L. P. Castro and S. Saitoh, Fractional functions and their representations, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory {\bf7} (2013), no. 4, 1049-1063.
M. Kuroda, H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh, and M. Yamane,
New meanings of the division by zero and interpretations on $100/0=0$ and on $0/0=0$, Int. J. Appl. Math. {\bf 27} (2014), no 2, pp. 191-198, DOI: 10.12732/ijam.v27i2.9.
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Matrices and division by zero z/0=0,
Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory, 2016, 6, 51-58
Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/alamt
\\ http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/alamt.2016.62007.
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and singular integrals. (Submitted for publication).
T. Matsuura, H. Michiwaki and S. Saitoh,
$\log 0= \log \infty =0$ and applications. (Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics.)
H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh and M.Yamada,
Reality of the division by zero $z/0=0$. IJAPM International J. of Applied Physics and Math. 6(2015), 1–8. http://www.ijapm.org/show-63-504-1.html
H. Michiwaki, H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Division by Zero $z/0 = 0$ in Euclidean Spaces,
International Journal of Mathematics and Computation, 28(2017); Issue 1, 2017), 1-16.
H. Okumura, S. Saitoh and T. Matsuura, Relations of $0$ and $\infty$,
Journal of Technology and Social Science (JTSS), 1(2017), 70-77.
S. Pinelas and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and differential equations. (Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics).
S. Saitoh, Generalized inversions of Hadamard and tensor products for matrices, Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory. {\bf 4} (2014), no. 2, 87–95. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ALAMT/
S. Saitoh, A reproducing kernel theory with some general applications,
Qian,T./Rodino,L.(eds.): Mathematical Analysis, Probability and Applications – Plenary Lectures: Isaac 2015, Macau, China, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, {\bf 177}(2016), 151-182. (Springer) .
再生核研究所声明371（2017.6.27）ゼロ除算の講演― 国際会議 https://sites.google.com/site/sandrapinelas/icddea-2017 報告
1/0=0、0/0=0、z/0=0
http://ameblo.jp/syoshinoris/entry-12276045402.html
1/0=0、0/0=0、z/0=0
http://ameblo.jp/syoshinoris/entry-12263708422.html
1/0=0、0/0=0、z/0=0
Title page of Leonhard Euler, Vollständige Anleitung zur Algebra, Vol. 1 (edition of 1771, first published in 1770), and p. 34 from Article 83, where Euler explains why a number divided by zero gives infinity.
私は数学を信じない。 アルバート・アインシュタイン / I don’t believe in mathematics. Albert Einstein→ゼロ除算ができなかったからではないでしょうか。
ドキュメンタリー 2017: 神の数式 第２回 宇宙はなぜ生まれたのか
〔NHKスペシャル〕神の数式 完全版 第3回 宇宙はなぜ始まったのか
〔NHKスペシャル〕神の数式 完全版 第1回 この世は何からできているのか
NHKスペシャル 神の数式 完全版 第4回 異次元宇宙は存在するか
再生核研究所声明 411(2018.02.02): ゼロ除算発見4周年を迎えて
ゼロ除算の論文
Mysterious Properties of the Point at Infinity
Algebraic division by zero implemented as quasigeometric multiplication by infinity in real and complex multispatial hyperspaces
Author: Jakub Czajko, 92(2) (2018) 171-197
2018.3.18．午前中 最後の講演： 日本数学会 東大駒場、函数方程式論分科会 講演書画カメラ用 原稿
The Japanese Mathematical Society, Annual Meeting at the University of Tokyo. 2018.3.18.
より
*057 Pinelas,S./Caraballo,T./Kloeden,P./Graef,J.(eds.): Differential and Difference Equations with Applications: ICDDEA, Amadora, 2017. (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 230) May 2018 587 pp.
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LESS THAN HUMANに関する情報総合図鑑
さんがを追加しました。
·
今日は、チャクラシステムの紹介です。
例えば、「自分を変えよう！」という勇気がこころに芽生えたとき、高いエネルギーであるフィールド、言い換えると高位のアトラクター・エネルギー・フィールドとつながり、私達は、直観を得ます。
それより低いフォースの力を用いる意識の場合、すなわちプライド、怒り、欲望、恐怖、深い悲しみ、無関心、罪の意識、恥などでは、単に動物的生き残りを優先する直感のみが働きます。
直観は、愛を育み、直感は、愛を失います。その違いが大きいのは、明らかです。直感に頼っている間は、生命は死へと一直線に進みます。一方の直観を育てることで、私達の意識は永遠に存続することを、すなわち肉体的死は幻想であると、実感できるようになります。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その12
LG32-5,
The energy levels are also traditionally associated with the body every centers that are sometimes referred to as “chakras.” The chakras are energy centers through which “kundalini energy” is said to flow, once it is awakened at the level of Courage (200). The energy centers (chakras) can be measured by a variety of clinical techniques and sensitive electronic instruments. On the Map of Consciousness, the chakras calibrate as follows: Crown (600), Third Eyes (525), Throat (350), Heart (505), Solar Plexus (275), Sacral or Spleen (275), Base or Root Chakra (200). When we relinquish negative feelings, the energy in our higher chakras increases. For instance, instead of habitually “venting our spleen” (second chakra), we are now described as “all heart” (fifth chakra).
このエネルギーレベルは、“チャクラ”として時々言及される体のエネルギー中枢ともまた、伝統的に関係付けられます。そのチャクラは、一旦勇気（200）のレベルにおいて呼び起こされ、流れるような動きに対して“クンダリニー・エネルギー”と呼ばれているところのエネルギー中枢です。そのエネルギー中枢（チャクラ）は、臨床のテクニックと、様々な精妙な電気計測機によって、計測されることが可能でしょう。意識マップにおいてチャクラは、次のように計測されます。クラウン（600）、第三の目（525）、喉（350）、ハート（505）、太陽叢/みぞおち（275）、丹田（275）、ベースもしくは会陰チャクラ（200）。私達がネガティブな感情を放棄した時、私達の高位のチャクラのエネルギーは増大します。例えば、いつもの「不機嫌を吐き出す」（第二のチャクラ/丹田）ことの代わりに、私達は、いまや「愛情の全て」（第五のチャクラ/のど）として説明されます。
·
ネガティブな感情を、ひとつひとつ手放すことは、まさに浄化（clarification）です。
その作業をこまめにしてゆくことの大切さを、実感してみましょう。
こころが軽くなるとは、そういう事です。決して、ただ楽しい状態に浮かれている状態とは、全く異なるものです。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その11
LG32-3,
In general, we can say that the lower end of the scale is associated with lower vibrational frequencies: lower energy, lower power, poorer life circumstances, poorer relationships, less abundance, less love, and power physical and emotional health. Because of the lower energy, such needy people drain us on all levels. They tend to be avoided and find themselves surrendered by people on the same level (e.g., in jail).
As we let go of negative feelings, there is a progressive movement up the scale to Courage and then beyond, with increasing effectiveness, success, and more effortless abundance. We tend to seek out such people. We say they are “high.” They give off life energy to all living things around them. Animals are attracted to them. They have a green thumb and positively influence the lives of all with whom they come in contact. At the level of Courage, the negative feelings have not all disappeared, but now we have sufficient energy to handle them because we’ve re-owned our power and self-adequacy. The fastest way to move from the bottom to the top is by telling the truth to ourselves and to others.
一般的に意識の目盛の底辺は、低い波動と関係付けられます。低いエネルギー、低いパワー、貧しい生活環境、貧しい信頼関係、薄い愛情、そして貧弱な肉体と精神の健康。その低いエネルギーの為に、そのような困窮している人々は、全てのレベルで私達を消耗させます。彼等は避けられる傾向と、彼等自身が人々によって見捨てられたのと同じレベルだと感じます。（例えば監獄の中）。
私達が、ネガティブな感情を手放す時、勇気の目盛りへ漸進的（だんだんとした）変化があり、その次に効果的に、成功、またはもっと努力なしに有り余るほどに増強してゆきます。私達は、そのような人々を探し求める傾向にあります。私達は、彼等を「ハイクラス」と呼びます。彼等は、彼等の周りの全ての生き物に生命エネルギーを発散します。動物達は、彼らに引き付けられます。彼等は、園芸の才を持ち、彼等と接触した人々は、全員の人生に、ポジティブな影響を与えます。勇気のレベルは、ネガティブな感情の全てが、消えているわけではありません。しかし、いまや私達は再び私達のパワーの力と、自律的な十分さを手に入れた為、私達は、ネガティブな感情を操るのに十分なエネルギーがあります。その底辺から頂点へ動くのに最速の方法は、私達自身と他者に対し、真実を言うことにあります。
·
私達が、健康で平安に暮らすためには、欠かせいのが「愛」の感情であることは、疑う余地はなさそうです。
何故なら、昨日の「奇跡講座」レッスン186のワークブックにおける解説には、自我は1時間に10回もうつろうことが書かれていました。
勿論、その中には、意識レベル200を下回る感情も含まれるでしょう。
しかし、人類全体に愛を感じる瞬間を、1日に一回でも持つ事が出来れば、終日感じていたネガティブな感情とバランスが取れると「パワーか、フォースか」に明記されています。
ゆえに、一瞬でも「愛」の意識を持つようにしたいですね。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その10
LG31-2,
Pride (175): “May way is the best way,
says this level. Its focus is achievement, desire for recognition, specialness, and perfectionism. It feels “better than…” and superior to others.
Anger (150): This energy overcomes the source of fear by force, threats, and attack. It is irritable, explosive, bitter, volatile, and resentful. It likes to “get even,” as in “I‘ll show you.”
Desire (125): It is always seeking gain, acquisition, pleasure, and “getting” something outside oneself. It is insatiable, never satisfied, and craving. “I have to have it.” “Give me what I want, and give it to me now!”
Fear (100): This energy sees “danger,” which is “everywhere.” It is avoidant, defensive, preoccupied with security, possessive of others, jealous, restless, anxious, and vigilant.
Grief (75): There is helplessness, despair, loss, regret, and the feeling, “If only I had….” Separation. Depression. Sadness. Being a “loser.” Mournful, as in “I can’t go on.”
Apathy (50): This energy is characterized by hopelessness, playing dead, being a “drain” to others, being immobilized, and the feelings: I can’t” and “who cares?” Poverty is common.
Guilt (30): In this energy field, one wants to punish and be punished. It leads to self-rejection, masochism, remorse, “feeling bad,” and self-sabotage. It’s all my fault.” Accident-proneness, suicidal behavior, and projection of self-hatred onto “evil” others are common. It is the basis of many psychosomatic illnesses.
Shame (20): Characterized by humiliation, as in “hanging your head in shame.” It is traditionally accompanied by banishment. It is destructive to health and leads to cruelty toward self and others.
プライド（175）：「私の道は、最高の道」とこのレベルは言います。その焦点は、成就、理解の為の欲望、特別な状態、そして完璧主義です。「・・・を心地よく」感じる。そして他者より勝っていると感じます。
怒り（150）：このエネルギーは、フォースの力、恐さ、そして攻撃による恐怖の源を越えます。短気で、爆発し、苦しく、気まぐれで、憎しみがあります。「私はあなたに見せる」の中に「借りを返す」ことを好みます。
欲望（125）：それはいつも利得、要求、楽しみ、そして自分自身の外側にある何かを“得ること”です。貪欲で決して満足せず、切望します。「私はそれを持たねばならない」「私が欲しい物を下さい。その次に、私に、直ぐそれを下さい！」
恐怖（100）：このエネルギーは、何処でも危険に見えます。回避性があり、守備的で、安全に気を取られ、他者に対する独占欲が強く、妬みがあり、落ち着かず、不安で、用心深さがあります。
深い悲しみ（75）：望みがなく、失望、喪失、恨み、そして「私だけがそうしたなら…。」分断、憂鬱、悲しみ。「敗者であること」「私はやってゆけない」という中での痛ましさ。
無関心、無感動（50）：このエネルギーは、望みのない状態によって特徴付けられ、死をもてあそぶ。他者を“消耗させ”。憂げない状態にあり。「私には出来ない」「誰が世話してくれる？」と感じます。貧しさ共通するものです。
罪の意識（30）：このエネルギー・フィールドにおいて、人々は罰すること、または罰を受けます。自己否定、マゾヒズム、後悔、「いやな感じ」と自己欺瞞へ導きます。「それは全て私の失敗。」突発的出来事にうつむいた状態。自殺行動、そして“悪い”他者に自己嫌悪の投影は共通しています。多くの心理的な病の要因です。
恥（20）：「恥ずかしさにうつむいている」という中、に恥をかくことを特徴付けられます。伝統的に追放を伴います。健康を害し、自分と、他者に対し残酷になります。
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私達の命を支えるのは、あくまでエンドルフィンの分泌を伴う意識レベルにある時のみです。
その時、私たちは、エーテルの脳の働きが始まります。すなわち動物的生き残りのみを優先する“直感”ではなく、天啓である“直観”が働き始めます。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その9
LG29-3, The Scale of Emotions （5）
Reason (400):This aspect differentiates humans from the animal world. There is the ability to see things in the abstract, to conceptualize, to be objective, and to make rapid and correct decisions. Its enormous utility is problem solving. Science, philosophy, medicine, and logic are experiences of this level.
Acceptance (350):This energy is easy-going, laid back harmonious, flexible, inclusive, and free of inner resistance. “Life is good. You and I are good. I feel connected.” It meets life on life’s terms. There is no need to blame others or blame life.
Willingness (310):This energy subserves survival by virtue of a positive attitude that welcomes all expressions of life. It is friendly, helpful, wants to assist, and seeks to be of service.
Neutrality (250): This is a way of life that is comfortable, pragmatic, and relatively free of emotionality. “It’s okay either way.” It is free of rapid, excited about life, productive, independent, and self-empowered. Effective action is possible.
Courage (200): This energy says, “I can do it.” It is determined, excited about life, productive, independent, and self-empowered. Effective action is possible.
知性（400）：この側面は、人間と動物世界の違いです。概念化すること、客観的であること、決断を速やかに、または修正すること、そして抽象的に物事を見る能力です。この途方もない実用性が問題を解決してゆきます。科学、哲学、医学、そして論理は、このレベルの表現です。
受容（350）：このエネルギーは、気楽さ、のんびりしていて、調和的、柔軟性があり、広く受け入れられ、そして内なる抵抗から自由です。「人生はいいものです。あなたと私はいいものです。私はつながりを感じます。」人生の条件と折り合います。他者を非難すること、もしくは人生のせいにする必要はありません。
意欲（310）：このエネルギーは、全ての人生の表現を喜んで受け入れ、ポジティブな心構えのお陰で生き残りに貢献します。親しみ、役立つこと、支えることを望み、そして貢献する存在であろうと努めます。
不偏不党（250）：それは、心地よく、実用的で、感情的な状態から比較的自由である人生の道です。「それらは、どちらの道でもＯＫ。」厳格な立場、白黒つけることから解放されていて、そして非競争的です。
勇気（200）：このエネルギーは、「私はそれが出来ます」と言います。それは決断され、人生にわくわくしていて、生産的で、独立していて、自己能力の向上です。効果的な行動が可能です。
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さあ、意識マップの紹介その1です。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その8
LG29-3, The Scale of Emotions （4）
Here, we delineate the basic scale, starting from the higher energies down to the lower:
Peace (600): This is experienced as perfection, bliss, effortlessness, and oneness. It is a state of non-duality beyond separateness and beyond the intellect, as in the “peace that passeth all understanding.” It is described as Illumination and Enlightenment. It is rare in the human realms.
Joy (540): Love that is unconditional and unchanging, despite circumstance and actions of others. The world is illuminated by exquisite beauty, which is seen in all things. The perfection of certain is self-evident. There is closeness to unity and discovery of Self; compassion for all; enormous patience; the feeling of at-oneness with others and concern for the happiness. A sense of self-completion and self-sufficiency prevails.
Love (500): A way of being that is forgiving, nurturing, and supportive. It does not proceed from the mind; rather, it emanates from the heart. Love focuses on the essence of a situation, not the details. It deals with wholes, not particulars. As perception is replaced with vision, it takes no position and sees the intrinsic value and lovablity of all that exists.
LG29-3, 感情の尺度（4）
ここで、高いエネルギーから始まり、低いエネルギーへと下がる基本的な尺度の輪郭を描きます。
平和（600）：これは完璧、至福、努力の要らない状態、そして全一性の状態として表現されます。それは「すべての理解を超える平安」のなかに、分離と知性を超える非二元性の状態です。
こころの底からの喜び（540）：無条件で状況または他者の行動に関わらず変わることのない愛。この世界は全てのものの中に見られる極めて美しい光を放っています。創造の完璧さは、自律的に明らかにされます。統一性に近づき、真我（偉大なる自己/アートマン）を発見します。全てに対する慈悲、途方もない根気、他の人々と共にあるとする感情、そして彼等の幸福に対する関心。自己完遂の感覚と自給自足が勝ります。
愛（500）：赦し、育み支える存在の道。知能（頭で考えること）から処理をするのではなく、むしろハートから起こるものです。愛は、詳細ではなく情況の精髄に焦点を合わせます。それは全体であり、個別ではありません。知覚がヴィジョン（心眼）に入れ替わり、立場にこだわらず存在する全てに関する本質的価値と、愛らしさを理解します。
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人々が集まる人は、意識レベル200を超え、その人から、周りへパワーを発散します。
しかし、一方で意識レベル200を下回っているとき、その人は、周りからフォースの力を吸い取っています。
心地よさと、その反対の心地悪さは、このエネルギーの流れの違いからもたらされます。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その7
LG29-2, The Scale of Emotions （3）
The level of Courage (200) is the critical point that marks the shift from negative to positive energy. It is the energy of integrity, being truthful, empowerment, and having to capacity to cope. The levels of consciousness below Courage are destructive, whereas the levels above it are life-supportive. A simple muscle-test reveals the difference: negative stimuli (below 200) instantly weaken muscle, and positive stimuli (above 200) instantly strengthen the muscle. True “power” strengthens; “force” weakens. Above the levels of Courage, people seek as not because we give energy to them (“power”) and we have goodwill towards them. Below the level of Courage, people avoid us because we take energy from them (“force”) and we want to use them for our own material or emotional needs.
勇気（200）のレベルは、ネガティブからポジティブなエネルギーへ移行を示す臨界点です。それは統合的、信頼でき、能力を向上させ、そして上手に処理する能力を持つエネルギーです。勇気のレベルを下回る意識レベルは、破壊的で、一方、それを上回るレベルは、命を支えます。ある簡単な筋肉テストは、それぞれを表します。否定的な（200を下回る）刺激は、たちまち筋肉を弱くし、またポジティブな（200を上回る）刺激は、たちまち筋肉を強くします。真実のパワーの力は、強くなり、フォースの力は、弱くなります。勇気のレベルを上回ると、人々は、私達を見つけ出します。何故なら、私達は、彼らにエネルギー（“パワー”）を与え、または私達は、彼らに対しよい意志を持つからです。勇気のレベルを下回ると、人々は、私達を避けます。何故なら、私達は、彼らからエネルギー（“フォース”）を取り、または、私達は、自分自身の物質的もしくは、精神的欲求の為に彼等を利用しようと望む為です。
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「類は、友を呼ぶ」と言う格言は、科学的根拠があります。
まさに、意識マップの理解は、人類の救済に大きな役割を持っています。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その5
LG28-4, The Scale of Emotions
“Like goes to like.” The different engines constellate in “attractor patterns” or “levels of consciousness.” The Map of Consciousness (see appendix A) provides a linear, logarithmic view of this nonlinear energetic terrain. Each level of consciousness (or attractor pattern) is calibrated on a logarithmic scale of energetic power, ranging from 1 – 1,000. The level of Full Enlightenment (1,000), at the top of map, represents the highest level attainable in the human realm; it is the energy of Jesus Christ, the Buddha, and Krishna. The level of Shame (20) is at the bottom, close to death, representing bare survival.
「似たものは、似たものに達する」。それぞれのエネルギーは、“アトラクター・パターン”もしくは、“意識レベル”に群れとなって集まります。意識マップ（付録Ａを参照）は、この非線形のエネルギーの領域において、直線的に対数で表示されます。意識の各々のレベル（もしくは、アトラクター・パターン）は、エネルギーのパワーの対数的物差しにおいて、1から1,000の範囲で、計測されます。完全な悟りのレベル（1,000）は、分布図（マップ）の頂点に、人間領域における最高レベルを示します。そして、それはイエス・キリスト、ブッダ、そしてクリシュナのエネルギーです。恥のレベルは、底辺に位置し、死に近く、ぎりぎりの生存を示しています。
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改めて「パワーか、フォースか」という本の重要性を感じています。
自我の働く間は、私達はどんどんエネルギーを消耗するのみで、創造性に欠けます。
一方、その自我の幻想を超えたところには、本当の創造性を生み出し、調和と愛がもたらされます。
自我の働きはフォースの力によって生まれます。そして、その幻影を超えたところで働くのがパワー力です。
パワーの力は無限で永遠性をもち、疲れ知らずに作用します。その力が働いている間は、誰もが心地よく、ワクワク感じているので、その違いは誰でも明確に分かるものです。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その5
LG28-2, The Scale of Emotions
For simplicity and clarity, we will utilize the scale of emotions that corresponds with the level of consciousness. A through presentation of consciousness levels, their scientific basis, and their basis, and practical application is found in Power vs. Force: The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior (Hawkins, [1995], 2012).
LG28-3
Briefly, everything emits energy, either positive or negative. Intuitively, we know the difference between a positive person (friendly, genuine, considerate) and a negative one (greedy, deceitful, hateful). The energy of Mother Teresa was obviously different from the energy of Adolf Hitler; Most people’s energy is somewhere in between the two. Music, places, books, animals, intentions, and all of life emit an energy that can be “calibrated” as to its essence and its degree of truth.
感情の尺度
私達は、意識のレベルと、一致する感情の尺度を利用できます。ひとつの意識レベルの表現の端から端まで、科学的根拠のある、そして実践応用は、「パワーか、フォースか、ホーキンズ、［1995］2012年）人間行動の隠された決定要因」に見つけられます。
手短に言えば、すべてのものは、ポジティブ、もしくはネガティブのどちらかのエネルギーを発しています。直感的にポジティブな人（親しみ易く、誠実で、思いやりのある）と、ネガティブな人（貪欲で嘘つきで、憎たらしい）の間にある違いを知っています。マザー・テレサのエネルギーは、明白にアドルフ・ヒトラーのエネルギーと比べて異なります。ほとんどの人々のエネルギーは、このふたりの間に収まります。音楽、場所、本、動物、意図、そして生命の全て、その精髄とその真実の程度を、計測することが出来るエネルギーを発しています。
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全ての感情は、単に動物的生き残りの安心感を得るため、私達のこころの中で生まれる自我の幻影です。
真実の愛とは、その感情に左右されずに生まれてくるものです。
そして、無条件の愛を実践する為に必要な心構え、それは例外なく、全ての人、もの、出来事に対し親切に接することです。
ネガティブな感情がこころの中にあると、決して上手く出来ることではありません。しかし、その心構えは、大きな恩寵をもたらすと、ホーキンズ博士は、度々言及しています。
（Letting Go, David R. Hawkins, 2012, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 3, The Anatomy of Emotions, 手放す、デヴィッド・Ｒ・ホーキンズ博士、2012年、第三章 感情の研究）その4
LG27-3, The Goal of Survival (3)
There is a simple way to become conscious of the underlying emotional goal behind any activity through use of the question, “What for?” With each answer, “What for?” is asked again and again until the basic feeling is uncovered. An example world be the following. A man wants a new Cadillac. His mind gives all the logical reasons but logic doesn’t really explain it. So he asks himself. “What do I want the Cadillac for?” “Well,” he says, “it is to achieve states, recognition, respect, and solid success states.” Again: ”what do want status for?” “Respects and approval from others,” he might say, “and to ensure that respect.” Again: “What do I want respect and approval for?” “To have the feeling of security.” Again: “What do I want security for?” “To feel happy.” The continual question, “What for? “, reveals that basically there are feelings of insecurity, unhappiness, and lack of fulfillment. Every activity or desire will reveal that the basic goal is to achieve a certain feeling. There are no other goals than to overcome fear and achieve happiness. Emotions are connected with what we believe will ensure our survival, not with what actually will. Emotions themselves are actually the cause of the basic fear that drives everyone to seek security constantly.
LG27-3、生き残りの目的 （3）
質問「何の為に」を用いることを通じて、どんな活動の背景にも隠れている感情の目的に気付くようになる簡単な方法があります。「何の為に」は、それぞれの答を伴い基本的に覆いがなくなるまで、次ぎ次へ聞いてゆきます。ひとつの例を示します。ある男がキャデラックを求めています。彼のこころは、論理的理由を全て与えますが、その論理には、実際に、その理由を説明できません。それで彼は、彼自身に尋ねます。「何の為にキャデラックがほしいのかな？」「いいだろう」と彼はいい「それはステイタス、認知、尊敬、または信頼できる市民の成功のステイタスだ」更に、「何の為に私はステイタスを望むのかな？」「他の人達からの尊敬と認知」「だから尊敬を確実にする」と、彼は言ったでしょう。そして次に「私は何の為に尊敬と認知を望むのかな？」「安心の感情を持つためにね」。更に「何の為に私は安心を望むのかな？」「幸せを感じる為に」これに続く疑問は「何の為に」が、不安、不幸または達成に対する欠落の感情があるのを、基本的に明らかにします。それぞれの活動や欲望は、基本的な目標が、確実に達成される為にあることを明らかにするでしょう。恐怖を乗越え、そして幸福に達するより他の目標はありません。感情は私達の生き残りを確実にする為に関係付けられ、本当に望んでいるものではありません。感情そのものは、誰彼も絶えず安全を探し求めることへと、駆り立てる基本的な恐怖の現実的な原因です。
今の俺にはLESS THAN HUMANすら生ぬるい
『倫理・哲学の特別講義』――暇だから考える、あくびしながら本を読む。哲学を気楽に考えてみる
私の息子は、大学院で哲学を学んでいます。プラトンの研究者になりたいといいます。けれども、私はプラトンについてまったく知識がありません。名前くらいは知っていますが、内容となるとちんぷんかんぷん。
一応、良いお母さんになりたい私は、何とかして息子の学んでいるプラトンについて理解しようとしてきました。けれども、やはり難しくてよくわかりません。
プラトンを理解したいのだけれど
反省した私は、せめてと思い哲学に関する本を読むことにしました。プラトンの『パイドン』にもトライしました。ベストセラーになった『ソフィーの世界』も読みました。けれども、これがなかなかに手強いのです。
どれも私には難しく、もうあきらめようと思ったりしました。
それでも、今回、もう一度、挑戦と思い、『』（大磯仁志・著、清水雅博・監修／学研プラス・刊 ）を手に取りました。息子が必死で勉強していることをまったく理解できないのも、情けないではありませんか。
幸い、この本は読者の代表として「チカ」と「テツ」という二人の生徒が登場し、先生に質問しながら理解を深めるといいます。なんだか楽しそうでしょう？「チカ」は「エチカ（倫理）」から取った名前で、「テツ」は哲学から名付けたのだそうです。
広大な世界
『倫理・哲学の特別講義 思想の流れと、現代の諸問題』は実に広範囲な領域を扱っています。次のような内容ですから、すべてを網羅しようとしているのかもしれません。
第１章 現代社会の特質と青年期の課題
第２章 源流思想
第３章 西洋近・現代思想
第４章 日本思想
難しい言葉も多く、挫折しそうになりました。けれども、膨大な考え方、信じられないほどの言葉の数々に触れているうち、私はその広大さを感じるだけでいいのだと思うようになりました。実際の研究は、天文学的な言葉の数々から本当にたった一言の持つ意味について、深く掘り下げていくものなのでしょうが、私はほんのちょっとだけ覗けばそれで満足なのです。
ゼロ除算の発見と重要性を指摘した：日本、再生核研究所
テーマ：
The null set is conceptually similar to the role of the number “zero” as it is used in quantum field theory. In quantum field theory, one can take the empty set, the vacuum, and generate all possible physical configurations of the Universe being modelled by acting on it with creation operators, and one can similarly change from one thing to another by applying mixtures of creation and anihillation operators to suitably filled or empty states. The anihillation operator applied to the vacuum, however, yields zero.
Zero in this case is the null set – it stands, quite literally, for no physical state in the Universe. The important point is that it is not possible to act on zero with a creation operator to create something; creation operators only act on the vacuum which is empty but not zero. Physicists are consequently fairly comfortable with the existence of operations that result in “nothing” and don’t even require that those operations be contradictions, only operationally non-invertible.
It is also far from unknown in mathematics. When considering the set of all real numbers as quantities and the operations of ordinary arithmetic, the “empty set” is algebraically the number zero (absence of any quantity, positive or negative). However, when one performs a division operation algebraically, one has to be careful to exclude division by zero from the set of permitted operations! The result of division by zero isn’t zero, it is “not a number” or “undefined” and is not in the Universe of real numbers.
Just as one can easily “prove” that 1 = 2 if one does algebra on this set of numbers as if one can divide by zero legitimately3.34, so in logic one gets into trouble if one assumes that the set of all things that are in no set including the empty set is a set within the algebra, if one tries to form the set of all sets that do not include themselves, if one asserts a Universal Set of Men exists containing a set of men wherein a male barber shaves all men that do not shave themselves3.35.
It is not – it is the null set, not the empty set, as there can be no male barbers in a non-empty set of men (containing at least one barber) that shave all men in that set that do not shave themselves at a deeper level than a mere empty list. It is not an empty set that could be filled by some algebraic operation performed on Real Male Barbers Presumed to Need Shaving in trial Universes of Unshaven Males as you can very easily see by considering any particular barber, perhaps one named “Socrates”, in any particular Universe of Men to see if any of the sets of that Universe fit this predicate criterion with Socrates as the barber. Take the empty set (no men at all). Well then there are no barbers, including Socrates, so this cannot be the set we are trying to specify as it clearly must contain at least one barber and we’ve agreed to call its relevant barber Socrates. (and if it contains more than one, the rest of them are out of work at the moment).
Suppose a trial set contains Socrates alone. In the classical rendition we ask, does he shave himself? If we answer “no”, then he is a member of this class of men who do not shave themselves and therefore must shave himself. Oops. Well, fine, he must shave himself. However, if he does shave himself, according to the rules he can only shave men who don’t shave themselves and so he doesn’t shave himself. Oops again. Paradox. When we try to apply the rule to a potential Socrates to generate the set, we get into trouble, as we cannot decide whether or not Socrates should shave himself.
Note that there is no problem at all in the existential set theory being proposed. In that set theory either Socrates must shave himself as All Men Must Be Shaven and he’s the only man around. Or perhaps he has a beard, and all men do not in fact need shaving. Either way the set with just Socrates does not contain a barber that shaves all men because Socrates either shaves himself or he doesn’t, so we shrug and continue searching for a set that satisfies our description pulled from an actual Universe of males including barbers. We immediately discover that adding more men doesn’t matter. As long as those men, barbers or not, either shave themselves or Socrates shaves them they are consistent with our set description (although in many possible sets we find that hey, other barbers exist and shave other men who do not shave themselves), but in no case can Socrates (as our proposed single barber that shaves all men that do not shave themselves) be such a barber because he either shaves himself (violating the rul
e) or he doesn’t (violating the rule). Instead of concluding that there is a paradox, we observe that the criterion simply doesn’t describe any subset of any possible Universal Set of Men with no barbers, including the empty set with no men at all, or any subset that contains at least Socrates for any possible permutation of shaving patterns including ones that leave at least some men unshaven altogether.
I understand your note as if you are saying the limit is infinity but nothing is equal to infinity, but you concluded corretly infinity is undefined. Your example of getting the denominator smaller and smalser the result of the division is a very large number that approches infinity. This is the intuitive mathematical argument that plunged philosophy into mathematics. at that level abstraction mathematics, as well as phyisics become the realm of philosophi. The notion of infinity is more a philosopy question than it is mathamatical. The reason we cannot devide by zero is simply axiomatic as Plato pointed out. The underlying reason for the axiom is because sero is nothing and deviding something by nothing is undefined. That axiom agrees with the notion of limit infinity, i.e. undefined. There are more phiplosphy books and thoughts about infinity in philosophy books than than there are discussions on infinity in math books.
ゼロ除算の歴史：ゼロ除算はゼロで割ることを考えるであるが、アリストテレス以来問題とされ、ゼロの記録がインドで初めて６２８年になされているが、既にそのとき、正解1/0が期待されていたと言う。しかし、理論づけられず、その後１３００年を超えて、不可能である、あるいは無限、無限大、無限遠点とされてきたものである。
An Early Reference to Division by Zero C. B. Boyer
OUR HUMANITY AND DIVISION BY ZERO
Lea esta bitácora en español
There is a mathematical concept that says that division by zero has no meaning, or is an undefined expression, because it is impossible to have a real number that could be multiplied by zero in order to obtain another number different from zero.
While this mathematical concept has been held as true for centuries, when it comes to the human level the present situation in global societies has, for a very long time, been contradicting it. It is true that we don’t all live in a mathematical world or with mathematical concepts in our heads all the time. However, we cannot deny that societies around the globe are trying to disprove this simple mathematical concept: that division by zero is an impossible equation to solve.
Yes! We are all being divided by zero tolerance, zero acceptance, zero love, zero compassion, zero willingness to learn more about the other and to find intelligent and fulfilling ways to adapt to new ideas, concepts, ways of doing things, people and cultures. We are allowing these ‘zero denominators’ to run our equations, our lives, our souls.
Each and every single day we get more divided and distanced from other people who are different from us. We let misinformation and biased concepts divide us, and we buy into these aberrant concepts in such a way, that we get swept into this division by zero without checking our consciences first.
I believe, however, that if we change the zeros in any of the “divisions by zero” that are running our lives, we will actually be able to solve the non-mathematical concept of this equation: the human concept.
>I believe deep down that we all have a heart, a conscience, a brain to think with, and, above all, an immense desire to learn and evolve. And thanks to all these positive things that we do have within, I also believe that we can use them to learn how to solve our “division by zero” mathematical impossibility at the human level. I am convinced that the key is open communication and an open heart. Nothing more, nothing less.
Are we scared of, or do we feel baffled by the way another person from another culture or country looks in comparison to us? Are we bothered by how people from other cultures dress, eat, talk, walk, worship, think, etc.? Is this fear or bafflement so big that we much rather reject people and all the richness they bring within?
How about if instead of rejecting or retreating from that person—division of our humanity by zero tolerance or zero acceptance—we decided to give them and us a chance?
How about changing that zero tolerance into zero intolerance? Why not dare ask questions about the other person’s culture and way of life? Let us have the courage to let our guard down for a moment and open up enough for this person to ask us questions about our culture and way of life. How about if we learned to accept that while a person from another culture is living and breathing in our own culture, it is totally impossible for him/her to completely abandon his/her cultural values in order to become what we want her to become?
Let’s be totally honest with ourselves at least: Would any of us really renounce who we are and where we come from just to become what somebody else asks us to become?
If we are not willing to lose our identity, why should we ask somebody else to lose theirs?
I believe with all my heart that if we practiced positive feelings—zero intolerance, zero non-acceptance, zero indifference, zero cruelty—every day, the premise that states that division by zero is impossible would continue being true, not only in mathematics, but also at the human level. We would not be divided anymore; we would simply be building a better world for all of us.
Hoping to have touched your soul in a meaningful way,
Adriana Adarve, Asheville, NC
…/our-humanity-and-division…/
5000年？？？？？
2017年09月01日(金)NEW !
テーマ：数学
Former algebraic approach was formally perfect, but it merely postulated existence of sets and morphisms [18] without showing methods to construct them. The primary concern of modern algebras is not how an operation can be performed, but whether it maps into or onto and the like abstract issues [19–23]. As important as this may be for proofs, the nature does not really care about all that. The PM’s concerns were not constructive, even though theoretically significant. We need thus an approach that is more relevant to operations performed in nature, which never complained about morphisms or the allegedly impossible division by zero, as far as I can tell. Abstract sets and morphisms should be de-emphasized as hardly operational. My decision to come up with a definite way to implement the feared division by zero was not really arbitrary, however. It has removed a hidden paradox from number theory and an obvious absurd from algebraic group theory. It was necessary step for full deployment of constructive, synthetic mathematics (SM) [2,3]. Problems hidden in PM implicitly affect all who use mathematics, even though we may not always be aware of their adverse impact on our thinking. Just take a look at the paradox that emerges from the usual prescription for multiplication of zeros that remained uncontested for some 5000 years 0 0 ¼ 0 ) 0 1=1 ¼ 0 ) 0 1 ¼ 0 1) 1ð? ¼ ?Þ1 ð0aÞ This ‘‘fact’’ was covered up by the infamous prohibition on division by zero [2]. How ingenious. If one is prohibited from dividing by zero one could not obtain this paradox. Yet the prohibition did not really make anything right. It silenced objections to irresponsible reasonings and prevented corrections to the PM’s flamboyant axiomatizations. The prohibition on treating infinity as invertible counterpart to zero did not do any good either. We use infinity in calculus for symbolic calculations of limits [24], for zero is the infinity’s twin [25], and also in projective geometry as well as in geometric mapping of complex numbers. Therein a sphere is cast onto the plane that is tangent to it and its free (opposite) pole in a point at infinity [2
6–28]. Yet infinity as an inverse to the natural zero removes the whole absurd (0a), for we obtain [2] 0 ¼ 1=1 ) 0 0 ¼ 1=12 > 0 0 ð0bÞ Stereographic projection of complex numbers tacitly contradicted the PM’s prescribed way to multiply zeros, yet it was never openly challenged. The old formula for multiplication of zeros (0a) is valid only as a practical approximation, but it is group-theoretically inadmissible in no-nonsense reasonings. The tiny distinction in formula (0b) makes profound theoretical difference for geometries and consequently also for physical applications. T
とても興味深く読みました：
10,000 Year Clock
by Renny Pritikin
Conversation with Paolo Salvagione, lead engineer on the 10,000-year clock project, via e-mail in February 2010.
For an introduction to what we’re talking about here’s a short excerpt from a piece by Michael Chabon, published in 2006 in Details: ….Have you heard of this thing? It is going to be a kind of gigantic mechanical computer, slow, simple and ingenious, marking the hour, the day, the year, the century, the millennium, and the precession of the equinoxes, with a huge orrery to keep track of the immense ticking of the six naked-eye planets on their great orbital mainspring. The Clock of the Long Now will stand sixty feet tall, cost tens of millions of dollars, and when completed its designers and supporters plan to hide it in a cave in the Great Basin National Park in Nevada, a day’s hard walking from anywhere. Oh, and it’s going to run for ten thousand years. But even if the Clock of the Long Now fails to last ten thousand years, even if it breaks down after half or a quarter or a tenth that span, this mad contraption will already have long since fulfilled its purpose. Indeed the Clock may have accomplished its greatest task before it is ever finished, perhaps without ever being built at all. The point of the Clock of the Long Now is not to measure out the passage, into their unknown future, of the race of creatures that built it. The point of the Clock is to revive and restore the whole idea of the Future, to get us thinking about the Future again, to the degree if not in quite the way same way that we used to do, and to reintroduce the notion that we don’t just bequeath the future—though we do, whether we think about it or not. We also, in the very broadest sense of the first person plural pronoun, inherit it.
Renny Pritikin: When we were talking the other day I said that this sounds like a cross between Borges and the vast underground special effects from Forbidden Planet. I imagine you hear lots of comparisons like that…
Paolo Salvagione: (laughs) I can’t say I’ve heard that comparison. A childhood friend once referred to the project as a cross between Tinguely and Fabergé. When talking about the clock, with people, there’s that divide-by-zero moment (in the early days of computers to divide by zero was a sure way to crash the computer) and I can understand why. Where does one place, in one’s memory, such a thing, such a concept? After the pause, one could liken it to a reboot, the questions just start streaming out.
RP: OK so I think the word for that is nonplussed. Which the thesaurus matches with flummoxed, bewildered, at a loss. So the question is why even (I assume) fairly sophisticated people like your friends react like that. Is it the physical scale of the plan, or the notion of thinking 10,000 years into the future—more than the length of human history?
PS: I’d say it’s all three and more. I continue to be amazed by the specificity of the questions asked. Anthropologists ask a completely different set of questions than say, a mechanical engineer or a hedge fund manager. Our disciplines tie us to our perspectives. More than once, a seemingly innocent question has made an impact on the design of the clock. It’s not that we didn’t know the answer, sometimes we did, it’s that we hadn’t thought about it from the perspective of the person asking the question. Back to your question. I think when sophisticated people, like you, thread this concept through their own personal narrative it tickles them. Keeping in mind some people hate to be tickled.
RP: Can you give an example of a question that redirected the plan? That’s really so interesting, that all you brainiacs slaving away on this project and some amateur blithely pinpoints a problem or inconsistency or insight that spins it off in a different direction. It’s like the butterfly effect.
PS: Recently a climatologist pointed out that our equation of time cam, (photo by Rolfe Horn) (a cam is a type of gear: link) a device that tracks the difference between solar noon and mundane noon as well as the precession of the equinoxes, did not account for the redistribution of water away from the earth’s poles. The equation-of-time cam is arguably one of the most aesthetically pleasing parts of the clock. It also happens to be one that is fairly easy to explain. It visually demonstrates two extremes. If you slice it, like a loaf of bread, into 10,000 slices each slice would represent a year. The outside edge of the slice, let’s call it the crust, represents any point in that year, 365 points, 365 days. You could, given the right amount of magnification, divide it into hours, minutes, even seconds. Stepping back and looking at the unsliced cam the bottom is the year 2000 and the top is the year 12000. The twist that you see is the precession of the equinoxes. Now here’s the fun part, there’s a slight taper to the twist, that’s the slowing of the earth on its axis. As the ice at the poles melts we have a redistribution of water, we’re all becoming part of the “slow earth” movement.
RP: Are you familiar with Charles Ray’s early work in which you saw a plate on a table, or an object on the wall, and they looked stable, but were actually spinning incredibly slowly, or incredibly fast, and you couldn’t tell in either case? Or, more to the point, Tim Hawkinson’s early works in which he had rows of clockwork gears that turned very very fast, and then down the line, slower and slower, until at the end it approached the slowness that you’re dealing with?
PS: The spinning pieces by Ray touches on something we’re trying to avoid. We want you to know just how fast or just how slow the various parts are moving. The beauty of the Ray piece is that you can’t tell, fast, slow, stationary, they all look the same. I’m not familiar with the Hawkinson clockwork piece. I’ve see the clock pieces where he hides the mechanism and uses unlikely objects as the hands, such as the brass clasp on the back of a manila envelope or the tab of a coke can.
RP: Spin Sink (1 Rev./100 Years) (1995), in contrast, is a 24-foot-long row of interlocking gears, the smallest of which is driven by a whirring toy motor that in turn drives each consecutively larger and more slowly turning gear up to the largest of all, which rotates approximately once every one hundred years.
PS: I don’t know how I missed it, it’s gorgeous. Linking the speed that we can barely see with one that we rarely have the patience to wait for.
RP: : So you say you’ve opted for the clock’s time scale to be transparent. How will the clock communicate how fast it’s going?
PS: By placing the clock in a mountain we have a reference to long time. The stratigraphy provides us with the slowest metric. The clock is a middle point between millennia and seconds. Looking back 10,000 years we find the beginnings of civilization. Looking at an earthenware vessel from that era we imagine its use, the contents, the craftsman. The images painted or inscribed on the outside provide some insight into the lives and the languages of the distant past. Often these interpretations are flawed, biased or over-reaching. What I’m most enchanted by is that we continue to construct possible pasts around these objects, that our curiosity is overwhelming. We line up to see the treasures of Tut, or the
remains of frozen ancestors. With the clock we are asking you to create possible futures, long futures, and with them the narratives that made them happen.
再生核研究所声明 424(2018.3.29): レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチとゼロ除算
次のダ・ヴィンチの言葉を発見して、驚かされた：
ダ・ヴィンチの名言 格言｜無こそ最も素晴らしい存在
我々の周りにある偉大なことの中でも、無の存在が最も素晴らしい。その基本は時間的には過去と未来の間にあり、現在の何ものをも所有しないというところにある。この無は、全体に等しい部分、部分に等しい全体を持つ。分割できないものと割り切ることができるし、割っても掛けても、足しても引いても、同じ量になるのだ。
レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ。ルネッサンス期を代表する芸術家、画家、彫刻家、建築技師、設計士、兵器開発者、科学者、哲学者、解剖学者、動物学者、ファッションデザイナーその他広い分野で活躍し「万能の人（uomo universale：ウォモ・ウニヴェルサーレ）」と称えられる人物
そもそも西欧諸国が、アリストテレス以来、無や真空、ゼロを嫌い、ゼロの西欧諸国への導入は相当に遅れ、西欧へのアラビヤ数字の導入は レオナルド・フィボナッチ（1179年頃～1250年頃）によるとされているから、その遅れの大きさに驚かされる：
フィボナッチはイタリアのピサの数学者です。正確には「レオナルド・フィリオ・ボナッチ」といいますが、これがなまって「フィボナッチ」と呼ばれるようになったとされています。
彼は少年時代に父親について現在のアルジェリアに渡り、そこでアラビア数字を学びました。当時の神聖ローマ皇帝・フリードリヒ2世は科学と数学を重んじていて、フィボナッチは宮殿に呼ばれ皇帝にも謁見しました。後にはピサ共和国から表彰もされました。
ローマ数字では「I, II, III, X, XV」のように文字を並べて記すため大きな数を扱うのには不便でした。対してアラビア数字はローマ数字に比べてとても分かりやすく、効率的で便利だったのです。そこでフィボナッチはアラビア数字を「算術の書」という書物にまとめ、母国に紹介しました。アラビア数字では0から9までの数字と位取り記数法が使われていますが、計算に使うにはとても便利だったために、ヨーロッパで広く受け入れられることになりました。（
historicalmathematicians.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html 02/03/2012 -）
ゼロや無に対する恐怖心、嫌疑観は現在でも欧米諸国の自然な心情と考えられる。ところが上記ダ・ヴィンチの言葉は 如何であろう。無について好ましいものとして真正面から捉えていることが分かる。ゼロ除算の研究をここ４年間して来て、驚嘆すべきこととして驚かされた。ゼロの意味、ゼロ除算の心を知っていたかのような言明である。
まず、上記で、無を、時間的に未来と過去の間に存在すると言っているので、無とはゼロのことであると解釈できる。ゼロとの捉え方は四則演算を考えているので、その解釈の適切性を述べている。足しても引いても変わらない。これはゼロの本質ではないか。さらに、凄いこと、掛けても割っても、ゼロと言っていると解釈でき、それはゼロ除算の最近の発見を意味している: 0/1 =1/0=0。－ ゼロ除算を感覚的に捉えていたと解釈できる。ところが更に、凄いことを述べている。
この無は、全体に等しい部分、部分に等しい全体を持つ。これはゼロ除算の著書DIVISION BY ZERO CALCULUS（原案）に真正面から書いている我々の得た、達したゼロに対する認識そのものである：
{\bf Fruitful world}\index{fruitful world}
\medskip
For example, in very and very general partial differential equations, if the coefficients or terms are zero, we have some simple differential equations and the extreme case is all the terms are zero; that is, we have trivial equations $0=0$; then its solution is zero. When we see the converse, we see that the zero world is a fruitful one and it means some vanishing world. Recall \index{Yamane phenomena}Yamane phenomena, the vanishing result is very simple zero, however, it is the result from some fruitful world. Sometimes, zero means void or nothing world, however, it will show some changes as in the Yamane phenomena.
\medskip
{\bf From $0$ to $0$; $0$ means all and all are $0$}
\medskip
As we see from our life figure, a story starts from the zero and ends to the zero. This will mean that $0$ means all and all are $0$, in a sense. The zero is a mother of all.
\medskip
その意味は深い。我々はゼロの意味をいろいろと捉え考え、ゼロとはさらに 基準を表すとか、不可能性を示すとか、無限遠点の反映であるとか、ゼロの2重性とかを述べている。ゼロと無限の関係をも述べている。ダ・ヴィンチの鋭い世界観に対する境地に驚嘆している。
以 上
*057 Pinelas,S./Caraballo,T./Kloeden,P./Graef,J.(eds.): Differential and Difference Equations with Applications: ICDDEA, Amadora, 2017. (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 230) May 2018 587 pp.
それでも僕はLESS THAN HUMANを選ぶ
I heared one of a friend of mine has several part time jobs. As far as i am concerned, i have two jobs and one is to sell tickes for spectators. if we have the baseball game , i have its job, but if the game is not, i am to lose my job. So, i’ve started another job. in the first place, does working part time is beneficial? it can be. It pays off. There are many different purpose by different people.
First thing is that to earn money. Some high school students and most university students start part time for their tuitions or pocket money, and so do I. Some, a friend of mine included have several jobs, but it is difficult, isnt it. If we have one part time job, that does not necessarily mean that we can work only one day a week. So, at least for me, i am satisfied enough. Another benefits we can get from part time is to network. we can network through a job. In working place, we are to get acquainted with many people from different generations. It is a great opportunity to have a human network and affect or help you find future job selection choice. We also have to acquire skills throughout the job. We can recieve hands on knowledge. in terms of Japanese 就活, it virtually has positive impact on our background more or less.
長々とすみませんw
あともう一ついいですか。
どこかの○○eigoという方のホームページがあるらしくのぞいていると、｢英語をペラペラに魅せる方法｣という記事を見つけましたw
｢たしかに｣と思うところもあるんだけど、｢できるだけ長い英文をつくる｣というアドバイスも書いていましたw
これって、どれくらいのレベルの日本人を対象にしているんだろう。
｢魅せる｣だけだから良いんでしょうけど,,.。
おそらく、英語の基礎すらない方や日本語⇔英語のプロセスに結構時間が要するヒトって、この｢長い英文対策｣すると確実に、
英語が英語じゃなくなります。｢長い英文｣を作って、英語が｢できるように｣魅せる意味ってある????wwwwということは置いておき・
気持ちよく話すものの、話すにつれて 主語を見失い、動詞を見失い、｢つまり？｣というところに落ちつきます。なので、
しょぼい英語でいいし、しょぼい長さでもいいので、それをきれいに使ってみるのが最初のキーだと考えてます。
ボクも実はその段階ww ろくに英語もできないのに、関係代名詞や接続詞をバンバンだしたあげくredundancyをもらっていたのでww
要するに｢教科書レベル｣の英語を完璧に書ける学習者は意外といないので(自分もおそらく)、学校でやった・読んだ・聞いた英語をそのままreflectするのが手っ取り早い気がします。
SCAMの60sec scienceの解説に入ります。
本日は です。
<総評>
聞きやすい割に、案の定内容が難しかったです。難しいというかところどころ｢ん？｣となることも多いです。
でも、聞き取れる幅は少しあがったなと。にしてもkatakanazationからまだすこし離脱できず、
全く違うことを書き取っている箇所も多い。反省。このlecturerは ofをはっきり言わないね。
amountもhalf のあとも、入れたけど、聞こえないから消したら入っていた。
やれやれ。
いつも通りのハイライトをしてます。
One of the delight of summer is watching that the monarch butterflies dancing through the air.
But it’s becoming harder to see them in certain log locales, In some places, population has dropped by the as much as 90 percent.
①monarch butterflyですって。TOEFLで一度か二度だけ遭遇経験があり、知っていたので今回の題名を見た瞬間すこし｢お！！！！｣となりました。｢オオカバマダラ｣という蝶です。結構見かける。poisonousな見た目が、一つのdefense要素です。これをzoologyでは、warning colorationと言います。幼虫は、milkweed(この先のパッセージにも出てきますが：トウワタ)が大好物なので、milkweed butterflyが別名です。
②becomeは状態動詞ですが、進行形になっています。この場合、動作動詞同様に動きを表しますが、becomeの場合は｢gradually｣で、ゆっくり、｢hardになりつつある｣という訳がよさそうです。
③as much as…は結構重要なポイントだと思います。今回は90%なので、｢多い｣んですが、｢東京ドームに1万人集まった｣とかだと、あまり詳しくないヒトが聞くとわからないですよね。｢1万人”も”｣だと、多い。逆に｢1万人”しか”｣だと少ない。｢も｣にあたるのが、as much as です。｢しか｣が、as little as です。
e.g) as many as 10.000 people/ as expensive as $500
and climate change mimic may make life even more challenging for these charismatic in sex insects. That’s because higher carbon dioxide levels can lower the amount of toxins in milkweed, the monarch caterpillars’ food. The caterpillars use those toxins to protect themselves from a deadly parasites that produce spouse. spores
①lowerとか、doubleって動詞もキチンと使えるようにしたいです。wowとか、googleもしっかり英単語の動詞として使われているように。(少し違うか。)
②toxinもpositive aspectsがある！それは読めばわかるので省略。
③parasitesがproduceするのは、sporeですヨ。insetsみたいに、oviparousではないので、lay eggもしません。
When the caterpillars are really small, those spouse spores getting into the monarchs’ gut.
They break apart and they start drilling holes in the gut lining and reproducing a just doing nasty parasite things, That’s a that are bad for the monarchs, R.D, an ecologist at Stanford University.
①gutがどこかの確認は必須です、そのほかある程度organの名称は知っておきたいです。（kidney,pancreas,liver,duodenumとか。）
②nastyって日本語にするとどうなるんだろうね。。キモいとか近い気がするけど、こんなレクチャーで出てくるとは思えないww
｢汚らわしい｣とかでしょ、どうせ。
D and colleagues raised hundreds of monarchs. They fed half of the caterpillars milk weed grown at current CO2 levels, the other half got milk weed grown at nearly doubled co2 levels.
①今回はちがいますが、some….., other という文章を日本語にすると｢いくつかの。。。他の。。。｣とする方がいますが、これは｢ーというヒト/モノもある。一方、ーというヒト/モノもある。｣です。
What we found is that elevated Co2 changes the medicinal quality of the milk weed, in a way that makes monarchs sicker. Their they are less able to tolerate the pathogen so the parasite becomes more hurtful to them and it also reduces overall lifespan when they are infected in comparison to uninfected monarchs.
①この文章が言いたいことはなんだろう。Elevated Co2 can affect monarchs sicker in negative manner and so much so that the medicinal quality of milkweed is lowered. っていうことかな。キチンと言い換えられてない気がするけど。
②less=not 否定相当句です。 no less than=as many/much as
③ in comparison toは、inに毒された｢副詞句｣なので、基本はどこでもいけます。これを文頭にもっていくとすぐにわかるはずですが、
top-heavyを意識したのか、流れを意識したのか、最後にあります。howeverも、文頭・文中・文尾とどこにでも入れます。
e.g)③のやつをアレンジするとこういう可能性があります。
(1)In comparison to uninfected monarchs, it also reduces overall lifespan when they are infected
(2) it also reduces overall lifespan , in comparison to uninfected monarchs when they are infected
(3) it also reduces overall lifespan when they are infected in comparison to uninfected monarchs.
※どこにでもいける、とは言うものの V+Oの間は少しKYかもW
The caterpillars that ate milk weed grew with more carbon dioxide, grew into butterflies that died as much as a week earlier than the normal life span.
①as much asがまたでましたね。
As a human, you think “oh well that’s not meaningful but then as an insect, or as an insect needs to start reproducing within a week, it’s pretty important.
①not meaningfulということは…..? =meaninglessなんですね！！
②severalとか、usuallyとか普段何気なく使っているけど、どれくらい？っていうことは気にしますか？
pretty importantのprettyってどれくらいdegreeを表しているんでしょう。veryではいけないのか。
→veryというよりも、considerably要素が強いと思いますね
D said this finding is not just about butterflies and milk weed.
Many of our medicines come from plants and so What I study is highlighting to us , or at least creating a red flag for, is the fact that the medicinal compounds contents in those plants could be changing and under elevated Co2, they could be going up or down, but It could mean we lose the medicinal efficacies that protective ability of that green pharmacy around us.
①red flagは warningを表します。Red tapeをふと思い出しました。形式的な手続き・お役所仕事を表すイディオムです。
②efficacy=effectですが、たぶん、”positive”と”cure”とか含意されているように感じます。
LESS THAN HUMANの魅力についてまとめました。
こんにちは。グラッシーズです！！
本日ご紹介するのは、
Less than human のキッズフレームです♪
Apple pie 9610K ブラウンキリン
Pop coｒ n 8080D ブルー
フロントはメタル素材でシンプルですが、
テンプルは、セル生地を用いた レスザンらしい華やかな柄となっており
(丈夫さとファッション性を兼ね備えた)
とっても可愛い仕上がりとなっています！！
こんな可愛い眼鏡を掛けている子供さんがいたら
振り向かれることこと間違い無し
子供さん用に作られたフレームなので強度もしっかりとしています。
お子様の眼鏡を考え中の方！
是非、見にいらして下さい
手前は、Apple pie 9610K
奥は、Pop coｒ n 9610K
LESS THAN HUMAN 関連ツイート
死者の人権と同様に，胎児の人権も無視される傾向にある。
残りの寿命が人間界単位で12分以下の人減は、殺すことができない。
私たち人間が呼吸をするのが当然であるように，私たち人間がミスを犯すのも当然のことである。